New High Temperature Transistor

Electronic spin transport (spin transport electronics), electronics, based on their backs (spin-based electronics), or simply a spin-electronics (spin-electronics). In our time exploring spintronics, magnetic and magneto-optical interaction in semiconductor structures, dynamics and coherence properties of spins in condensed matter and quantum magnetic phenomena in nanometer-scale structures Currently, active work on the creation of magnetic semiconductors, which would satisfy all the requirements of spintronics.First, the materials of which will be produced spintronic elements, should not change their properties under the influence of humidity, pressure and temperature. Secondly, they must be "powerful", for example, to allow application of ohmic contacts and to be integrated with modern silicon electronics.
Third, the central question of spintronics is the question of the spin coherence. If this time is too small, the disorientation of the spins leads to a loss of information carried by each spin. Fourth, the materials used must have high charge carrier mobility and be ferromagnetic at room temperature.

The semiconductor spintronics, in contrast to spintronics "organ metallic" largely satisfies the above requirements. Unique physical properties of magnetic semiconductors due to the presence in their band structure of the singular the third zone, which is formed by electronic d-and f-shells of the atoms of transition or rare earth elements. Currently, there is an intensive search for new ferromagnetic semiconductors with a high Curie temperature Nano wires are optically transparent semiconductors II, VI groups, such as CdS, CdSe, ZnS, have been well studied because of their unique optical properties. Doping with transition metals such as nanowires would manage their optical properties with the magnetic field.

To date, synthesize various metal-oxide nanowires are doped with transition metals such as Mn, Co, Ni. Nanowires of magnetic semiconductors p-and n-types on the basis of Zn1-xMxO (where M = Mn, Co, Ni) opens the possibility of creating a bipolar spin transistor. To create such a realistic device indicates ferromagnetic nanowires Zn1-xMxO, grown by CVD. It is due to indirect exchange interaction due to spin transfer mobile carriers - holes and electrons. Based on the nanowires TiO2, doped with cobalt, and on the basis nanokabelya type of core-shell ZnO/Zn1-xCoxO can be created by spin-FET (spin field-effect transistor - a spin field-effect transistor).

Magnetic conductors III, V groups are well studied, both theoretically and experimentally. The most famous are the diluted magnetic semiconductors based on gallium arsenide doped with Mn. Manganese was the most suitable magnetic impurity due to its high solubility, and diffusion capacity. To date, magnetic semiconductors with TC ~ 160 K, based on p-(Ga1-xMnx) As. In wide-gap materials p-(Ga, Mn) P, and p-and n-(Ga, Mn) N ferromagnetism observed at temperatures above room temperature. The magnetic and magneto transport properties of nanowires Ga1-xMnxP and Ga1-xMnxN, grown by CVD, showed that the nanowires are
magnetically hard ferromagnetic with Curie temperature TC = 330 K, in addition, the magneto resistance of the wire is negative. On the basis of MP III, V groups have already created a prototype
spin-FET and spin-LED (spin light-emitting diode - spin LED).

In the spin-FET source and drain are ferromagnetism, connected by a narrow semiconductor channel. The spins of electrons injected into the semiconductor, are set parallel to the magnetization source. Thus, from its source to the drain flowing spin-polarized current. If the drain and source are magnetized in one direction, that is between them an electric current. In the spin-LED spin-polarized carriers are injected from the contact, combined with composite materials such as nanowires Ga1-xMnxN. Spin-LED can be used to transmit information using the spin-codes. Emitting light of a certain polarization depending on the orientation of the spin, spin-LED allows you to encode the information carried by polarized light. Mentioned devices require the nanoscale wires to implement them.

Along with the nanowires on the basis of magnetic semiconductors creates a thin magnetic film, a practical interest in which is due to the fact that the method of lithographs of them can be prepared ordered ensembles of nanostructures that are used to store information. To date, the technique of production and certification of nanocomposites containing ordered arrays of ferromagnetic semiconductor nanowires in anodized aluminum oxide membranes. This technique allows obtaining the inverse images of microchips based on oriented nanowires with an easily adjustable and reliably reproducible geometrical parameters of the elementary memory cells.

GSM Transponder

The Transcoder  is required to convert the speech or data output from the MSC (64 kbit/s PCM), into the form specified by GSM specifications for transmission over the air interface, that is, between the BSS and MS (64 kbit/s to 16 kbit/s and vice versa) The 64 kbit/s Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) circuits from the MSC, if transmitted on the air interface without modification, would occupy an excessive amount of radio bandwidth.

This would use the available radio spectrum inefficiently. The required bandwidth is therefore reduced by processing the 64 kbit/s circuits so that the amount of information required to transmit digitized voice falls to a gross rate of 16 kbit/s. 

The transcoding function may be located at the MSC, BSC, or BTS. The content of the 16 kbit/s data depends on the coding algorithm used. There are two speech coding algorithms available and selecting which one to use depends on the capabilities of the mobile equipment and the network configuration. The Full Rate speech algorithm is supported by all mobiles and networks. It produces 13 kbit/s of coded speech data plus 3 kbit/s of control data which is commonly referred to as TRAU data (Transcoder Rate Adaption Unit). The TRAU data on the downlink will be used by the BTS and therefore removed from the 13 k of speech data before transmission on the air interface. the 13 kbit/s of speech data is processed at the BTS to form a gross rate of 22.8 kbit/s on the air interface which includes forward error correction. In the uplink direction the BTS adds in TRAU data which will be used by the transcoder.

 Enhanced Full Rate is an improved speech coding algorithm and is only supported by

Phase 2+ mobiles and is optional in the Network. It produces 12.2 kbit/s from each 64

kbit/s PCM channel. The TRAU data in this case is made up to 3.8 kbit/s to keep the

channel rate to and from the BTS at 16 kbit/s as for Full Rate. As with Full Rate the

TRAU data is used at the BTS and Transcoder.

 For data transmissions the data is not transcoded but data rate adapted from 9.6 kbit/s

(4.8 kbit/s or 2.4 kbit/s may also be used) up to a gross rate of 16 kbit/s for transmission

over the terrestrial interfaces, again this 16 kbit/s contains a 3 kbit/s TRAU.

As can be seen from the diagram opposite, although the reason for transcoding was to

reduce the data rate over the air interface, the number of terrestrial links is also reduced

approximately on a 4:1 ratio.

GSM Cell

The number of cells in any geographic area is determined by the number of MS

subscribers who will be operating in that area, and the geographic layout of the area

(hills, lakes, buildings etc).

The maximum cell size for GSM is approximately 70 km in diameter, but this is

dependent on the terrain the cell is covering and the power class of the MS. In GSM, the

MS can be transmitting anything up to 8 Watts; obviously, the higher the power output of

the MS the larger the cell size. If the cell site is on top of a hill, with no obstructions for

miles, then the radio waves will travel much further than if the cell site was in the middle

of a city, with many high-rise buildings blocking the path of the radio waves.

Generally large cells are employed in:

_ Remote areas.

_ Coastal regions.

_ Areas with few subscribers.

_ Large areas which need to be covered with the minimum number of cell sites.

Small cells are used where there is a requirement to support a large number of MSs, in a

small geographic region, or where a low transmission power may be required to reduce

the effects of interference. Small cells currently cover 200 m and upwards.

Typical uses of small cells:

_ Urban areas.

_ Low transmission power required.

_ High number of MSs.

There is no right answer when choosing the type of cell to use. Network providers would

like to use large cells to reduce installation and maintenance cost, but realize that to

provide a quality service to their customers, they have to consider many factors, such as

terrain, transmission power required, number of MSs etc. This inevitably leads to a

mixture of both large and small cells.

 

 

Frequency Re-use

Standard GSM has a total of 124 frequencies available for use in a network. Most

network providers are unlikely to be able to use all of these frequencies and are generally

allocated a small subset of the 124.

We will take an example here suppose a network provider has been allocated 48 frequencies to provide coverage over a large area, let us take for example Great Britain.As we have already seen, the maximum cell size is approximately 70 km in diameter,thus our 48 frequencies would not be able to cover the whole of Britain.

To overcome this limitation the network provider must re-use the same frequencies over and over again, in what is termed a “frequency re-use pattern”. When planning the frequency re-use pattern the network planner must take into account how often to use the same frequencies and determine how close together the cells are, otherwise co-channel and/or adjacent channel interference may occur. The network provider will also take into account the nature of the area to be covered. This may range from a densely populated city (high frequency re-use, small cells, high capacity) to a sparsely populated rural expanse (large omni cells, low re-use, low capacity).

Principles of Cellular Telecommunications

A cellular telephone system links mobile station (MS) subscribers into the public

Telephone system or to another cellular system’s MS subscriber.

Information sent between the MS subscriber and the cellular network uses radio

Communication. This removes the necessity for the fixed wiring used in a traditional

telephone installation. Due to this, the MS subscriber is able to move around and become fully mobile, perhaps traveling  in a vehicle or on foot.

Cellular networks have many advantages over the existing “land” telephone networks.There are advantages for the network provider as well as the mobile subscriber.

Network Components :

GSM networks are made up of Mobile services Switching Centres (MSC), Base Station Systems (BSS)and Mobile Stations (MS). These three entities can be broken down further into smaller entities; such as, within the BSS we have Base Station Controllers, Base Transceiver Stations and Transcoders. These smaller network elements, as they are referred to, will be discussed later in the course. For now we will use the three major

entities. With the MSC, BSS and MS we can make calls, receive calls, perform billing etc, as any normal PSTN network would be able to do. The only problem for the MS is that all the calls made or received are from other MSs. Therefore, it is also necessary to connect the GSM network to the PSTN. Mobile Stations within the cellular network are located in “cells”, these cells are provided by the BSSs. Each BSS can provide one or more cells, dependent on the manufacturers equipment.The cells are normally drawn as hexagonal, but in practice they are irregularly shaped, this is as a result of the influence of the surrounding terrain, or of design by the network

planners.

Frequency Spectrum :

The frequency spectrum is very congested, with only narrow slots of bandwidth allocated for cellular communications. The list opposite shows the number of frequencies and spectrum allocated for GSM, Extended GSM 900 (EGSM), GSM 1800 (DCS1800) and PCS1900. A single Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) or RF carrier is actually a pair of frequencies, one used in each direction (transmit and receive). This allows information to be passed in both directions. For GSM900 and EGSM900 the paired frequencies are separated by 45 MHz, for DCS1800 the separation is 95 MHz and for PCS1900 separation is 80 MHz. For each cell in a GSM network at least one ARFCN must be allocated, and more may be allocated to provide greater capacity. The RF carrier in GSM can support up to eight Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) timeslots. That is, in theory, each RF carrier is capable of supporting up to eight simultaneous telephone calls, but as we will see later in this course although this is possible, network signalling and messaging may reduce the overall number  from eight timeslots per RF carrier to six or seven timeslots per RF carrier, therefore reducing the number of mobiles that can be supported. Unlike a PSTN network, where every telephone is linked to the land network by a air of fixed wires, each MS only connects to the network over the radio interface when required. Therefore, it is possible for a single RF carrier to support many more mobile stations than its eight TDMA timeslots would lead us to believe. Using statistics, it has been found that a typical RF carrier can support up to 15, 20 or even 25 MSs. Obviously, not all of these MS subscribers could make a call at the same time, but it is also unlikely that all the MS subscribers would want to make a call at the same time. Therefore, without knowing it, MSs share the same physical resources, but at different times.

Composition of low-voltage systems

Structured cabling systems greatly simplify and optimize the management of various cable systems, since the installation of SCS allows you to combine them into a single information space. SCS include information, telephone, security and fire protection and so on. network, various switchgears, cables, control panels, necessary equipment, etc.
Design by SCS at the stage of construction. This requirement will create a literate project distribution of communications and connectivity for all cable systems to a single hardware node - the control center structured cabling system.
Local-area networks provide the following: resource sharing networks (modems, printers, files, and so on.) Reserve funds and storage of different information, the ability to quickly access the necessary information in the network information is protected from hacking, to work with modern means of enhancing the effectiveness of working process (electronic document management system, receiving and sending faxes, online databases, uninterrupted Internet access).

Automatic telephone stations are used to create a rapid and reliable telephone communications between departments and offices of the company. On the design and installation of ATS should also be approached intelligently. You must select a telephone station, to carry out programming and configuration of equipment and trained personnel to use the telephone station.

The system-clockwise and radio include: basic elements - the master clock and the secondary clock (interior, street, etc.); tuner - radio receiver, the receiver wire broadcasting, switching (jumper) equipment, aerial devices, line equipment.
This system provides indexing lap, Moscow and Greenwich Time; indication of the number, day of week, month and year, the alarm went off at the scheduled time, input signals a single time in a synchronized hardware. System indexes the level of background radiation.
World total time is measured ultra-precise atomic clocks that transmit signals to a satellite global positioning system (GPS), where the radio signal is received which were in connection with the master clock. Master clock, in turn, combined with the secondary clock (digital, switch, etc.), making the whole system shows the exact time.
Thus, low-voltage systems are designed to satisfy the most diverse aspects of modern life. Thanks slabotochke, our lives become more convenient, comfortable and safe. Home and office we are doing chores, relax and socialize, do not hesitate to organize the points needed to optimize the residential and commercial spheres of human activity. Modern equipment running smoothly, thanks to low-voltage systems, controls the situation in the home or office. And all that is required of us - is to learn to use new, accessible to every opportunity for his own benefit.

Designing low-power networks

The problem of designing "slabotochki" should be approached with understanding of its special importance, because the low-voltage systems will operate without problems only if well-designed project of installation. Ask for help is a professional design engineers. The project should be conceived not only in terms of literacy to accommodate objects of different sites (low-current flap, sockets, switches and so on.) Wire harnesses on the risers, but in accordance with established norms and standards, which are governed by SNIP 083-98.

Total regulatory documentation to be followed is as follows: GOST 21.101-97 "Basic requirements for design and documentation; RD 78.36.002-99" Technical means of security objects. Graphical symbols of system elements; SEP 7, "Electrical Code"; RD 78.145-93 "systems and systems security, fire and burglar alarms. Rules of production and acceptance of work; SNIP 3.05.06-85 "Building Regulations. Electrical devices; NPB 105-03 "Determination of categories of rooms, buildings and outdoor facilities for the explosion and fire hazard."

Of course, do not forget about the designer design room, where all the attributes of low-voltage systems must seamlessly fit.

To compile the project engineer to the Terms of Reference, which reflected the following aspects: the technical conditions for connection, the plan of the building design project facilities, the plan adjacent protected areas. Also need to pre-departure of the expert on the subject.

New Event Explains Polymer Production Efficiency

Four UK polymer companies will hold a new one-day conference entitled 'Improvement in Production Efficiency', which is aimed at increasing performance and efficiency in the processing of plastics. GandA Moulding Technology, a plastics consultancy and training provider, will host the event at its Peterborough facility on 13 April 2010 and will repeat it the following day. This is in conjunction with machinery supplier Premier Moulding Machinery (PMM), polymer distributor Velox (UK) and Triton Technology.

The conference will consist of a series of papers and practical demonstrations intended to be of interest to polymer processors that are seeking to boost their own production efficiency. At the event, GandA will present its Pro-Op process-optimisation software, which allows users to optimise their processing in a step-wise and logical approach, with an emphasis on process consistency and component quality and, as a consequence, a fall in energy costs through the reduction of scrap and downtime.

PMM will present the Venus series of all-electric injection-moulding machines from Zhafir Plastics Machinery. The Venus series can result in 20 to 70 per cent less energy consumption compared with hydraulic machines and a 10 per cent lower consumption than other general servo machines. PMM will hold a live demonstration of the Asaclean purging compound and mould cleaner for extrusion and injection-moulding equipment. Triton Technology will show its Identipol QA, which uses Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to provide simple and cost-effective quality-assurance testing of mouldable thermoplastics.

It can help prevent the loss of time and money on sub-standard materials. Beyond practical demonstrations of the equipment and systems mentioned above, there will be talks on the advantages of injection-moulding technology training and the savings to be made by investing in power-efficient equipment.

ISD860 Drives Gives High Servo Performance Control

Based on Technosoft Motionchip DSP technology, ISD860 is a flexible intelligent drive. It has been developed for motion applications that require cost-optimised design, embedded intelligence, networking possibilities and high servo performance control. It is able to drive 12A continuous and 31A peak currents at a supply voltage ranging from 12 to 72V DC, with a PWM of 20 kHz frequency. Embedding motion controller, drive and PLC functionality in one 136 x 84 x 26mm unit, ISD860 controls brushless, DC or linear motors up to 860W continuous/2.2kW peak voltage.

Due to its advanced motion-control algorithms, a precise control of position, speed or torque over a range of dynamic conditions can be achieved. ISD860 works in single-axis, multi-axis or standalone configurations. The drive setup, tuning and motion programming are made simple with Easymotion Studio and Technosoft Motion Language (TML), according to the company. With ISD860, motion programming can be done from a CAN master, via PC/PLC, using the appropriate motion library, or directly at drive level through its built-in motion controller.

The embedded Technosoft Motion Language includes a high-level command protocol, which can be used by the host through the onboard RS232/CAN serial interfaces. A CANopen version of the ISD860 drive, supporting DS-301 and DSP-402 profiles, is also available. In standalone operation, ISD860 can be managed with programmable I/Os or analogue inputs. Using the TML language, multiple operations can be performed with ISD860: setting of various motion modes (profiles, PVT, PT, electronic gearing or camming, etc), change of motion modes and/or parameters, execution of homing sequences or program flow control.

At the same time, IDS860 can handle digital I/O and analogue input signals, execute arithmetic and logic operations, and transfer data between axes. The drive is able to control other axes via motion commands. ISD860 can send commands to a group of axes, or synchronise all the axes from a network. Flexibility and easy implementation make ISD860 suitable for higher-power motion axis-control using modern distributed intelligence architecture. The drive is suitable for cost-sensitive applications, from medical to factory automation, requiring high servo performance and enhanced compactness.

Esab Introduces Origo Tech 9-13 Welding Helmets

Esab's Origo Tech 9-13 range of welding helmets, masks and screens offer superior face, head, ear and neck protection. They are available in striking high-gloss colours and feature the Esab comfort headgear with a lightweight shell. Since they offer higher levels of security for the wearer, it is possible to use the Origo Tech 9-13 to weld in all positions. The Esab variable-shade ADF is screwed into a slightly curved cradle designed to seal out dangerous levels of light.

The front spatter lens is also curved for extra strength and security. The external shade-adjustment varies between DIN 9 and 13, which can be adjusted from inside the helmet. The helmet is suitable for MIG/MAF, MMA and TIG (more than 20A) welding. The 0700 000 296 model is primarily black and the 0700 000 298 helmet is mostly yellow. The Origo Tech 9-13 comes in an Esab display box, fully assembled and ready to use.

Also available from Esab is a comfortable, lightweight and durable battery-powered respiratory unit designed to snugly fit the Origo Tech welding helmets. This offers the welder clean, filtered air in some of the most challenging welding conditions, resulting in increased comfort and safety for the welder. The Origo Air comes with an eight-hour battery, P3 filter, comfort pad, waist belt and an air hose with a fitted Proban hose cover.

Every Origo Air comes with an intelligent charger to ensure prolonged battery life and reduce the risk of over-charging. The battery-powered air filter is also equipped with a low-flow alarm that makes a noise when it is blocked or the battery is running low.

JVL Servo Motors Support Modbus RTU Protocol

The latest firmware for JVL Industri Elekronik's integrated servo motors - MAC400 and MAC800 - now supports the Modbus RTU protocol. The implementation supports the Read Holding Registers and Write Multiple Registers commands, which will give R/W access to all motor registers at speeds up to 1Mb/sec, though typically the PC standard rates of 9,600;115,200 and 230,400 bit/sec would be used.

The implementation uses the original V1.1 version of the Modbus protocol for maximum compatibility. For systems requiring a two-wire RS-485, the MAC00-P4 interface module is used. For four-wire RS-422, the MAC00-FSx modules or one of the MAC00-Bx modules are used.

Sysgo Software Offers Multi-Core Implementation

Sysgo has released version 3.1 of its flagship product, PikeOS, which is said to offer the first multi-core implementation on the market that is part of a DO-178B-certified code basis. The release maintains what is said to be one of the main benefits of PikeOS technology: the same core components are used whatever the market segment. Application specifics are isolated within 'personalities', a concept that allows all PikeOS customers to benefit from the same software layers underneath: PikeOS System Software and PikeOS micro-kernel.

Multi-core support through a flexible approach is made available to the user, who can select an execution model ranging from a pure AMP (Asymmetric Multi Processing) to full SMP (Symmetric Multi Processing). The SSV (safe and secure virtualisation) design developed by Sysgo makes it particularly suitable for multi-core architectures. The resource and time partitioning model makes the development of concurrent applications on multi-core platforms easier for the user: only core assignment needs new action from the user and the rest of the partitioning remains the same as before.

Multi-core related code is integrated within the certified code basis and is hardware agnostic, in line with the original PikeOS principle. Supported processors are the x86, PowerPC, MIPS, ARM and SPARC. The supported personalities are the PikeOS Native, ARINC-653, Linux, Posix and Certified POSIX. The multi-core capability is fully implemented on Intel families. Available hosts are Windows and Linux.

Schmartboard Boards Target SMT Connectors

Schmartboard has announced a range of boards for prototyping with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) connectors. These boards support SMT connectors from companies such as Hirose, Molex, Samtec and Tyco, and pitches of 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1 and 1.27mm. They also use Schmartboard Ez technology, the company's solution for hand soldering surface-mount components.

Schmartboard Ez allows the user to keep components in place on solder pads and to solder small areas without creating short circuits on the chip legs.

Holotouch Launches Touchless Interface

HoloTSFS408 is a touchless human-machine interface that is operated by inserting a finger into the holographic image of OPEN floating freely in its central cavity. It is powered by a switch-mode, regulated 5V DC output power supply with input voltage that can range from 100V AC to 250V AC at 50, 60 or 400Hz, and has a maximum output current of 1A DC. In demonstration units, there is an auxiliary, unregulated output of 10V DC that is used to power the green LED array at the bottom of the demonstration stand.

Internal components of HoloTSFS408 consist of a hologram, an LED to reproduce its holographic image and an infrared sensor, the 'sweet spot' of which coincides with the centre of the plane of its reproduced holographic image. The hologram is laminated between two 2.5 x 2.5in plates of 1/8in acrylic. HoloTSF408's reproducing light source is a super-white LED with a luminous intensity of 20,000mCd (If=20mA), a viewing angle of 20 and a forward voltage of 3.2V. HoloTSF408's sensor is a distance-measuring sensor unit composed of an integrated combination of photo diode, infrared emitting diode and signal-processing circuit.

An object must remain in the infrared sensor's sweet spot (50mm from sensor) for at least 160msec in order to generate an activation command. There is an 800msec inter-activation interval programmed into HoloTSF408's infrared sensor. This sensor consumes 5mA. HoloTSF408 is a double-insulated product and, as such, does not require a ground-wire connection.

Portwell Appliance Supports Freescale Processor

Portwell's CAK-2000 1U rackmount network appliance supports the latest Freescale QorIQ P2020 communications processor. Incorporating the 45nm Freescale processor based on Power Architecture core with SOI technology low-power platform, Portwell's CAK-2000 network appliance delivers high single-thread performance per watt and dual-core frequency up to 1.2GHz. Optional Freescale Vortiqa software also forms a part of the package and is designed to help users simplify migration to the expanding range of multi-core processor applications.

Integrated security engine support protocols includes SNOW, ARC4, 3DES, AES, RSA/ECC, RNG, single-pass SSL/TLS and Kasumi. Portwell's CAK-2000 1U rackmount network appliance also features: six LAN ports for 10/100/100 Ethernet; built-in two bypass/failover segments; up to 4GB DDR3 RAM with two DIMM sockets; bootable with SATA HDD via Linux operating system or SD Flash; onboard RJ45 console port; one Mini-PCIe slot; LEDs at front panel to show power, bypass and system status; software-controlled reset switch; drivers for controlling the reset switch and status LED; and an internal 150W ATX power supply.

CAK-2000 is regulatory-certification-ready and FCC/CE and UL-and RoHS/WEEE-compliant, which means that it can be used domestically and internationally out of the box. Designed for OEM branding, the appliance is suitable for applications in network security (such as IDS/IPS, Firewall, IPSec, VPN, Deep Packet Inspection, Anti-Spam, Anti-Virus and UTM); network management (such as Routers, RAS Gateways, QoS, Server-Load Balance, Wireless Controller and Streaming); plus telecommunications, industrial and military applications.

Lanner Releases Fanless Industrial Computer

Lanner Electronics has released the LEC-7100, a fanless industrial computer powered by the dual-core Intel Atom processor D510 at 1.66GHz. The LEC-7100 comes equipped with VGA, DVI-D, four USB and two LAN ports, along with wireless capabilities. This embedded system is designed to be easily deployable for a variety of industrial and commercial applications.

The Luge LEC-7100 includes multiple audio and video interfaces, two gigabit LAN network ports and two storage interfaces - Compactflash Type I/II and SATA HDD. Another feature in the LEC-7100 is the ability to communicate wirelessly. There is a 3G/GPS module attached through a mini PCIe socket, as well as Wi-fi-ready hardware.

Additionally, the LEC-7100 features VGA and DVI-D video ports, delivering increased flexibility for dual-display applications such as digital signage, point of sales, kiosk and jackpot displays.

Fujitsu MCUs Have Motor-Control Functionality

Fujitsu Microelectronics has expanded its F2MC-8FX range of low-cost, low-pin-count (LPC) microcontrollers (MCUs). MB95330K is the first Fujitsu 32-pin, 8bit MCU series to feature motor-control functionality. With fast processing, low power consumption and three-phase motor control timers, the devices are targeted for use in a range of industrial, medical and consumer applications. The series is powered by Fujitsu's 8FX CPU core and features embedded dual-operation flash memory with support for E2PROM emulation.

This allows a reduction in system area and system cost, as an external E2PROM is not required. Fujitsu's high-quality, high-performance embedded flash memory can be re-written 100,000 times and is guaranteed to hold data for 20 years. A flash security function protects customers' software from being read by unauthorised external programs. The precise RC oscillator (+/-2 per cent) and low-voltage detection circuit built into the MCUs eliminate the need for an external oscillator and reset IC, contributing further to a reduction in overall system costs.

The series also employs single-line on-chip debug and includes a I2C interface. The MB95330K series is part of Fujitsu's F2MC-8FX range, a complete range of LPC MCUs ranging from eight-pin up to 100-pin devices and is scalable in terms of memory and feature set. Future devices are currently under design and will add features such as a peripheral for controlling LCDs. The 8FX devices are the successor to the company's 8L products.

The series will be supported by detailed material on Fujitsu's website, including datasheets, manuals, application notes, example software, sensorless motor control library and C-library. Development is made easy with the compact and low-cost on-chip debugging tool and the free-of-charge C-language IDE - Softune. The MB95330K series will feature derivatives in 32-pin LQFP, SDIP and QFN packages, and will be available with 8, 12 or 20kB of flash memory and 240, 496 or 1008B of RAM.

Intense Offers Ultra-High-Brightness Laser Diodes

Intense has released two ultra-high-brightness versions of the Power Core 808, a line of 808nm multi-mode laser engine chips that are easily customised to a variety of optics applications. The devices are low-divergence, free-space laser diodes with 25 and 45um apertures.

Designed for thermal-print, graphics and coding applications, the small emitting apertures with low beam divergence produce high brightness in a small, simple-to-integrate, chip-level device.

The Power Core 25um device is offered at 0.5W. The 45um device is available at 2.0W. These diodes are designed to be packaged in 9mm cans, in free-space and fibre-coupled versions. In the fibre-coupled configuration, the diodes are offered with a standard 60um core diameter with 0.15 numerical aperture.

Portable Signal Generator Suits Test Applications

Signal Forge has released a portable signal generator designed for use with National Instruments' Labview and other automated test environments. The SF1010 Portable Signal Generator with Remote Control supports the SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) interface, which allows test engineers to quickly add the portable signal generator to most of the popular automated test environments, including Labview, Labwindows/CVI and HP's VEE.

The SF1010 is a portable signal generator with a frequency range of 1Hz to 1GHz - which may be extended to 2.6GHz with add-on Frequency Expansion Modules. It provides numerous waveform modulation functions, making it useful or applications such as building surveys, installation and maintenance of facility-based cellular and wireless networks, and a variety of other field-test and lab-bench-test applications.

The SF1010 is small enough, at 8.5 x 5.4 x 1.5in, and light enough, at 1.75lb, to carry in a laptop computer bag. Unlike other portable signal generators, the SF1010 generates a stable, accurate RF frequency up to 2.6GHz.

The waveform modulation functions supported are: AM, ASK, BPSK, Chirp, FSK, OOK and Sweep. For customers who do not wish to write their own programs, SF1010 may be operated using the EZ Wave software that ships with the device. EZ Wave is a simple control application that makes the SF1010 ready to use out of the box without additional programming or integration. The software runs on any Windows-based PC with the Vista, XP and 2000 operating systems.

Samtec Launches Powerstrip/10 Interconnect Range

Samtec has introduced the Powerstrip/10 range of power interconnect solutions. The new line features an ultra-small, space-saving design and dual leaf blade contacts capable of carrying 14A to 23A per contact at a +30C temperature rise (depending on the number of contacts powered). Powerstrip/10 socket and terminal strips (UPS/UPT Series) are available in vertical or right-angle orientations for co-planar and perpendicular applications with a choice of 7mm or 10mm standard stack heights.

The 0.150in (3.81mm) pitch system may be configured with two, four, six or eight power pins and offers a typical current-carrying capacity (CCC) of 21A per contact (rated at +80C with four gold-plated contacts powered). An optional locking clip for additional stability in rugged applications is also available.

Samtec's Powerstrip product line also includes systems with typical CCCs of 25A and 35A per contact (dependant on the temperature and number of contacts powered). Powerstrip/25 connectors on a 5mm (0.197in) pitch include power and power/signal combos, a hinged design for 90deg mating and a discrete wire cable system. Powerstrip/35 connectors on a 0.250in (6.35mm) pitch are available in power or power/signal combos. The price per contact varies by pin count and quantity; production quantities start at USD0.30 (GBP0.20) per pin.

Linear Launches Current Monitor For 4-80V Systems

Linear Technology has introduced the LT2940, a power and current monitor for 4 to 80V systems. The LT2940 provides the necessary circuits to accurately measure, monitor and control power in situations where both the current and voltage may vary due to supply-voltage uncertainty, component parametric changes, transient conditions or time-varying signals.

It uses a true four-quadrant analogue multiplier that results in five per cent power-measurement accuracy and three per cent current-measurement accuracy, ensuring that boards and systems achieve optimum power efficiency and reliability. The LT2940 is suitable for use in line cards and servers, power-sense circuit breakers, power-control loops and a variety of metering applications. It measures a high-side current and differential voltage, and calculates the instantaneous power at a bandwidth exceeding 500kHz.

Bidirectional high-side currents and bipolar voltage differences are correctly handled by a four-quadrant multiplier and push-pull output stage, which allow the device to indicate forward and reverse power flow. After current and voltage measurements are taken, current and power levels can be scaled, filtered and monitored separately via their respective proportional-to-current and proportional-to-power current outputs.

Meanwhile, an integrated comparator with complementary open-collector outputs can be used to create PWM control loops, or provide simple logic of, for example, an over-power pin, an LED indicator alarm, a MOSFET load-cutoff switch, an external fan, or a binary counter for metering applications. The LT2940 is offered in commercial and industrial versions, supporting operating temperature ranges from 0 to 70C and -40 to 85C, respectively. It is available in RoHS-compliant, 12-pin 3 x 3mm DFN and 12-lead MSOP packages.

Aras Provides Aras Innovator Suite To Medical Firm

Carestream Health has selected the Aras Innovator suite as its enterprise PLM backbone for product level information. Aras Innovator provides Carestream Health with advanced PLM functionality and a modern Microsoft-based platform for global product development and supply-chain integration for improved collaboration. Carestream Health will deploy the Aras enterprise PLM software in a series of phases, providing a product level information backbone for global product-commercialisation processes and supplier collaboration worldwide.

Aras will be rolled out in support of global product development to more than 3,000 global users and supporting suppliers in the US, Canada, China, Israel and France. Aras Innovator is based on an enterprise open-source business model and powered by advanced model-based SOA technology. Aras's architectural approach and comprehensive out-of-the-box functionality ensure customers can quickly deploy and iteratively adapt their PLM environment in a fraction of the time required by conventional enterprise PLM/PDM systems. Aras delivers highly scalable, flexible and secure PLM solutions across a spectrum of product development, supply chain, sales, quality and manufacturing applications.

Flow Science Schedules 2010 Flow-3D Conference

Flow Science has announced that this year's Flow-3D World Users Conference will take place on 23-24 September 2010 at the Hotel Omni Mont-Royal in Montreal, Quebec. The conference will be open to Flow-3D users and those interested in learning about the software. The meeting will feature user presentations from a variety of industrial and research applications.

Flow Science staff will be on hand to present the development plans for Flow-3D and to engage attendees in detailed conversations and consultations. Advanced training sessions will be held on 22 September 2010. Dr C W Hirt, the founder of Flow Science, will deliver the keynote address. Abstracts, which should be 500 words or less, are now being accepted for the conference.

The due date for abstracts is 15 June 2010 and acceptances will be sent out on 1 July 2010. Final presentations are due on 2 September 2010. Presentation formats can be either a Powerpoint file or any file format that can be opened in Powerpoint. Speakers can anticipate a 30-minute speaking slot, including question-and-answer time. The registration fee will be waived for conference presenters.

IEI Releases Three Systems With Intel Atom D510

IEI has released three SBCs and embedded systems featuring the latest Intel Atom processor D510: the PICOe-D510 half-size CPU card; the PM-PV-D510 PC/104 CPU board; and the IBX-300 embedded system. These models are compact and ideally suited for use in digital signage, transportation infotainment, multimedia devices, kiosks, surveillance and point-of-sale applications. The IEI PICOe-PV-D510 is a sophisticated half-size CPU card with high performance and low power consumption.

The high-performance 45nm dual-core Intel Atom processor D510 with 1MB L2 cache ensures high data throughputs. The PICOe-PV-D510 supports dual-display through a single-channel 18-bit LVDS interface (up to 1366x768 WXGA resolution) and an analogue CRT port. The analogue CRT port supports resolutions up to 2048x1536 and supports hot plugging. The Intel Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150, with GFX core-rendering speed of 400MHz, is integrated in the processor and enhances graphics performance.

The Intel Atom processor D510 is paired with the Intel 82810HM I/O controller, which provides six PCI Express x1 and four PCI interfaces, which allow for system expansion and speedy data delivery for real-time control. The system comes with built-in 512MB 667MHz DDR2 memory with the option of an additional 1.5GB via DDR2 SO-DIMMs, which improve the data delivery with less data lost and fewer delays. The PICOe-PV-D510 has a variety of I/O and storage interfaces, including two RS-232 serial ports, two PCIe GbE ports, three Sata II ports, seven USB 2.0 ports, one Compactflash Type I/II slot and one audio interface that supports 7.1 channel HD audio via the IEI AC-KIT883HD audio kit.

The PM-PV-D510 is a sophisticated low-power consumption PC/104 form factor SBC. The single-core Intel Atom processor D510 with a two 512KB L2 cache is paired with the Intel 82810HM I/O controller. Versatile graphics support by Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 3150 is provided through a single-channel 18-bit LVDS interface (up to 1366x768 WXGA resolution) and an analogue CRT port. The analogue CRT port supports resolutions up to 2048x1536 and supports hot plugging. The small form-factor allows systems to be developed for space-critical applications.

In addition, support for Windows XP Professional, Windows XP Embedded, Windows CE and Linux operating systems make the PM-PV-D510 ideal for embedded systems. The PM-PV-D510 is designed with plentiful I/O and storage interfaces, including one RS-232, one RS-232/422/485, four USB 2.0, one SATA II, one Compactflash Type I/II slot, a PCI-104 slot and one GbE LAN by Intel 82567V GbE Ethernet PHY. The IBX-300 is a fanless and ready-to-use compact embedded system that measures 160 x 125 x 44mm.

This system is designed with the Intel Atom processor D510 with 1MB of cache and is paired with the Intel 82801HM I/O controller. One GB DDR2 SDRAM system memory and one 2.5in SATA HDD interface are included. Other features of the Intel Atom processor D510 are two DB-9 connectors to support eight video-capture channels, which are eight-channel video capture for analogue camera (four-channel video capture for each DB-9 connector), Conexant CX25850 multiport composite video decoder (eight inputs) and CX25821 (PCIe x1) media bridge.

For Ethernet, the IBX-300 is designed with the Intel 82567V GbE Phy and one PCIe interface. The multi communications are PCIe x1 signal via Intel 82801HM I/O controller, LAN signal via Intel 82567V GbE Phy and LAN via standard RJ-45 with ACK/Link LED connector on rear side. In the video and audio communication, IBX-300 has the Intel GMA 3150 rendering speed of 400MHz and built-in one VGA, one RS-232/422/485 COM port, four USB connectors, two audio jack connectors for line-out and MIC-in and one Wifi support. It supports analogue CRT up to 2048x1536 and hot plug.

NEI Combines Nastran FEA Solvers And 3D Modeller

NEI Software has brought out NEI Fusion 2.1, a combination of Nastran FEA solvers and 3D modeller powered by Solidworks. The NEI Fusion 2.1 upgrade includes: automatic bolt-element generation for simulating bolted connections; spatial load variability for defining hydrostatic pressure, interpolating results from CFD; nonlinear transient analysis for time-varying nonlinear events; and mixed beam/shell meshing for structures found in aerospace, automotive and maritime.

The full list of NEI Fusion 2.1's features can be found at the company's website. NEI Fusion is used by product-development professionals to optimise design time, cut prototyping and testing costs and improve quality. The product is also of interest to FE analysts that like the option of a pre-post tool with CAD/FEA model associativity and consultants that need a Nastran solution in their simulation-software portfolio.

S-2000AN Isolator Measures Small Magnetic Fields

Newport has introduced the S-2000AN Stabilizer Non-Magnetic Vibration Isolator. The S-2000AN is suitable for applications where the measurement of small magnetic fields would otherwise be impacted by traditional magnetic-steel isolators. It provides a 1Hz vertical-resonant frequency, a vertical-isolation efficiency of 98 per cent at 10Hz and a load capacity of 2000lb (907.2kg). It is suitable for isolating optical tables such as Newport's RPR-N tables or platforms, which support large vacuum chambers or other heavy instruments used in materials-research applications.

Newport has quantified the magnetic impact of the S-2000 Stabilizer isolators, allowing customers to understand their required level of performance and potentially save thousands of dollars in equipment costs. Warren Booth, product line manager at Newport, said: 'In extreme applications where it is essential that all magnetic materials be removed, the S-2000AN is the best choice due to its aluminium and 316 SS construction. 'In our tests, our AN version induced only a 1.2nT change in measured magnetic field over a distance of 0 - 2ft (0 - 609.6mm).

'This compares with more than a 35nT change for traditional magnetic-steel isolators. 'Our standard S-2000A induced a 4nT change in the measured magnetic field, which means for some "non-mag" applications, our standard S-2000A may provide sufficient magnetic immunity, allowing our customers to save nearly USD10,000 (GBP6,680) on isolation equipment compared with competitive offerings,' he added.

In addition to superior isolation performance and quantified magnetic impact, the S-2000AN features Newport's Safelock mounting clips, which secure the isolators to the bottom of any Newport optical table, improving the performance, stability and safety of the system. Available in several popular heights ranging from 16 - 28in, the new vibration isolator is equipped with precision pneumatic re-levelling valves and float-height indicators.

First Trace Updates Document-Management Software

First Trace has brought out version 4.2 of its Kinnosa service-oriented architecture (SOA). Kinnosa 4.2 includes support and direct integration for 32- and 64-bit versions of Windows 7, Autocad 2010, Solidworks 2010 and Microstation V8i Select 1. An advanced active directory adapter provides secure single sign-on (SSO) capabilities for fast implementation. Kinnosa 4.2 provides integration to MS Office document properties to dynamically link business data to Office documents and the open Kinnosa repository.

First Trace developed Kinnosa to address the complex requirements of engineering to effectively manage CAD drawings, engineering files and standard office documents in a real-time environment. The additional support for the 2010 versions of the most popular CAD tools means Kinnosa now directly integrates with Autocad versions 2007 - 2010, Solidworks 2007 - 2010 and Microstation V8 - V8i Select 1. The ability to dynamically link business data to Office documents and the open Kinnosa repository allows users to make business decisions based on data in documents without having to open them.

Any changes a user makes to data are automatically reflected in the document and the Kinnosa repository, regardless of where the change is made. Kinnosa's SOA has been extended with the release of version 4.2 to allow for more user choices and greater system flexibility. The extended SOA allows Kinnosa to be easily configured by system administrators, with improved user-management capabilities and greater granularity with role-based authorisations.

EOS To Show Laser-Sintering System At AAOS 2010

EOS will display orthopaedic applications and an Eosint M 270 Direct Metal Laser Sintering system at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) meeting, from 9-13 March in New Orleans. The company will also present new process and quality enhancements for its manufacturing equipment. EOS plastic and metal laser-sintering systems are used to create devices, implants, ortheses, prostheses, surgical equipment and instrument prototypes.

The systems allow medical designers to tailor-make parts that serve the individual needs of doctors and patients. In addition, laser-sintering enables engineers to create complex geometries such as porous surfaces that encourage osteointegration, and implants with mesh or scaffold structures that are lighter and more comfortable for patients. Materials available from EOS for orthopaedic applications include polyamides, a high-performance PEEK polymer, stainless steels, cobalt chromes and different titanium grades.

Recent developments that EOS will highlight at AAOS are new end-to-end quality assurance and manufacturing-process controls. DMLS now features an Integrated Process Chain Management module to ensure documentation of materials and processes. In addition, plastics laser-sintering systems now include as an option Part Property Profiles (PPP), which offer designers constant access to standardised property profiles and corresponding material values.

As a result, the PPP enables manufacturers to choose, from predetermined settings, the approach that is most cost-effective for their needs. Bestinclass, a micro-machining company, will also exhibit at EOS's booth and will display machined parts and offer technical background. Bestinclass provides post-processing, including fine surface finishing and polishing for laser-sintered metal parts. Several EOS customers that supply orthopaedic services will also exhibit at the AAOS meeting.

LMT Launches Shrink Toolholder System

LMT has developed a ready-to-run shrink-fit assembly toolholder system for CNC milling and turn milling. Suitable for the tool spindles of machining centres and driven tool units on turn-mill centres, the ISG 1000 bench-top unit allows users to overcome problems associated with the more traditional collets and hydraulic chucks. The portable unit measures 390 x 310 x 640mm, is powered from a three-phase plug-in source and will accommodate straight shank tool sizes between 3mm and 16mm diameter by up to 290mm in length.

Shrink-fit technology is said to provide a simple way of mounting milling cutters, drills and taps into a toolholder/backend and also provides advantages in the machining process. For instance, it creates a higher rigidity set-up between the machine spindle bearings and the tip of the cutting tool. Run-out at the tool tip should be less than 0.003mm total indicated run-out (TIR), which ensures a more effective rate of feed per tooth can be applied due to the more even loading.

This is especially important on small-diameter or long-series tools. Longer cutting life also results with improved levels of accuracy and surface finish being achieved. In addition, shrink-fit tool assemblies are better able to cope with acceleration of modern spindles and influence of centrifugal force that can allow a normal toolholding arrangement to suffer from slippage in the collet and even tool drop-out. The ISG 1000 unit takes less than 20seconds to heat the nose area of the toolholder through its 6.5kW induction heating coil.

The cutting tool shank is positioned in the holder and is retained as a single unit in the holder as it contracts under cooling. The speed the cooling process, included in the ISG 1000 package is a cooling adapter that enables the heat generated to rapidly dissipate via a series of strategically positioned heat-sink fins. Also included in the LMT UK package is an interchangeable disc, clamping ring and protective gloves.

Controller Measures And Doses Small Liquid Volumes

Burkert has introduced the Liquid Flow Controller (LFC), which integrates a sensor, control electronics and proportional valves. The LFC accurately measures and doses small volumes of liquids with nominal flow rates of 10-600ml/min (0.6 to 36 litres per hour) with a 1:10 measuring span. Thanks to its fast and accurate flow-rate measurement, the LFC is suitable for the dynamic control or metering of liquids such as deionised or demineralised water, methanol or low-viscosity oils.

The LFC can, therefore, be used in a number of industrial applications, including heat treatment (by carburisation or endogas generators), testing, surface coating, cooling (machine tools), filling, packaging and, in combination with Burkert mass-flow controllers (MFCs), the simultaneous dosage of gases and liquids in atomising or sterilisation processes. According to the company, the LFC is an integrated, cost-saving solution for applications where several liquids or a liquid and a gas must be regulated simultaneously.

Previously, this type of control was comparatively complex, involving the use of individual components, which raised issues of cost and interfacing incompatibilities. However, the LFC features an integrated design that optimises the differential-pressure process for liquid flow-rate measurements to give precise, fast and repeatable measurements in a compact device. The company claims that the digital controller combines reliability and functionality with features such as flow-rate measurement inside the medium flow (without moving parts); configuration and diagnosis via a serial interface using free Burkert software; an integrated totaliser for consumption analysis; flexible interfaces (analogue/digital via fieldbus or RS232/RS485); configurable binary inputs and outputs; and the option of an IP65 version for arduous environments.

The LFC is based on the tested software, hardware and mechanics of Burkert's MFC series. The controller is said to be simple to install and can be accommodated in difficult locations, such as directly behind angled piping. The device is available as either a closed-loop controller with an integral proportional control solenoid valve (LFC) or as a flowmeter (LFM).

Celesco Sensors Offer Linear Measurement Up To 43m

Celesco's PT9000 cable-extension position sensors, available exclusively in the UK from Variohm Eurosensor, are suitable for heavy-duty, high-accuracy linear measurement up to 43m. The modular PT9000 series 'String Pot' sensor can be used on indoor, outdoor and wet-environment applications, such as for material handling, water and waste treatment, hydraulic cylinder positioning and crane control.

The choice of models and options covers IP67- or IP68-sealed aluminium or stainless-steel housings, several industry-standard output signal options and a selection of electrical interfacing. The standard version has 11 measurement range options from 0m to 14m, with an optional extended range to around 43m. The operating temperature spans -40C to +90C and the vibration rating is 10G at 2,000Hz. The best-position accuracy is 0.1 per cent of full stroke with repeatability to 0.02 per cent of full stroke.

Throughout the range, the drum-mounted durable plastic-hybrid precision potentiometer, with a 250,000 minimum rated cycle life, is factory configured for a choice of electrical output covering voltage divider, position/velocity output (with additional tachometer), 0/4-20mA and 0-10VDC. An incremental encoder version is also available with a positioning resolution from 10 to 250 pulses per inch of travel. Canbus- and Devicenet-compatible output versions may also be supplied.

Additional options include a redundant brush system that offers extra protection for dirty environments and a velocity-limiting system that prevents the cable from reaching damaging velocity during a free release. Up to seven electrical connection options are available for each output version - from plastic or metal connectors to fully pressure-tested, waterproof cable. To match application requirements, the PT9000 series is also available in a choice of powder-painted aluminium or 303 stainless-steel housings, with IP67- or pressure-tested IP68-rated protection from immersion in liquids.

Hazardous-area certification is also available and measuring cable options include further nylon-coated stainless steel, stainless-steel only or thermoplastic cable. The Celesco PT9000 series typically requires a 150mm width to install with a tolerance of misalignment between the cable fixing point and the housing. The design also caters for a choice of four with four cable exit options.

SGS Inspects China Pavilion Structural Welds

SGS Industrial Services has been awarded a contract to provide independent welding inspection for the China Pavilion in Shanghai, which is manufactured from 23,000 tons of steel. The China Pavilion has been constructed as part of the World Expo 2010 event. It is shaped like an oriental crown and is 69m tall. The building consists of a 30m-high roof, which is made of traditional wooden brackets symbolising China's 56 minority ethnic groups and a large steel structure requiring 23,000 tons of steel.

Given the high number of expected visitors, the safety checks on the construction of the steel structure were of crucial importance. For this reason, SGS China was awarded the contract to provide independent technical inspection of the welds. The main target of SGS's third-party inspection was to verify that the welds conform to all the applicable quality standards. SGS China set up an inspection team of eight experienced and qualified experts responsible for identifying, analysing and eliminating failed welds.

Moreover, the SGS engineers ensured that the welds met defined quality standards. For the technical inspection work, the team of SGS experts conducted ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle testing. These are non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for the detection of discontinuities and corrosion in material. Conventional ultrasonic testing uses the principle of sending a pulsed beam of high ultrasound from a handheld transducer, which is placed upon the surface of the weld being tested.

This wave will be partially returned from spots with internal imperfections. By measuring this sound, a skilled engineer can identify the location and size of the discontinuity. For magnetic particle testing, a magnetic flux is sent through the ferrous material. At the location of the imperfection a leakage field is created. This attracts metal iron dust, which is sprayed onto the surface. SGS's inspection work took seven months and was completed in January 2009.

Ball Bearing Provides Sealing And Lubrication

Baldor Electric has launched a Dodge-brand mounted ball bearing incorporating sealing and lubrication functions. Dodge Ultra Kleen ball bearings can extend equipment lifetimes in harsh, washdown-duty operating environments, such as food and beverage processing. They employ a 100 per cent stainless-steel bearing insert and feature a patented sealing system and a ball retainer that maintain lubrication and prevent washout in wet operating environments.

The new sealing system, Quadquard, consists of two patented features: a triple lip seal and a rubberised flinger. The triple lip seal offers three points of contact, keeping the lubricant in and contaminants out. This design maximises sealing with a minimal amount of drag, according to the company. The rubberised flinger is a moulded nitrile rubber component that is bonded to the flinger surface, providing an additional barrier to contaminants.

The rubber-baffled design on the external surface of the flinger enhances the removal of liquid as it rotates, while grease chambers on the internal surface of the flinger prevent lubricant from exiting the bearing. A new two-piece ball-retaining cage, called Maxlife, creates a grease compartment around each of the rolling elements. The compartments provide constant contact between ball and grease so an oil film always exists to prevent wear and to minimise friction and heat.

The compartmental construction holds in the grease and prevents it from being washed out. This design extends the life of the bearing and requires less frequent relubrication than standard designs, according to the company. A 65-degree spacing of the setscrews is intended to provide excellent locking force without compromising the strength of the inner ring, while a stainless anti-rotation pin prevents the insert from rotating in the housing.

The stainless housing is made with 300 grade steel. Polymer-housed versions have an added antimicrobial agent that retards bacteria and fungus growth. Both housing styles contain all-stainless hardware and fittings, as well as stainless-steel inserts. All versions feature a solid, flat base that has no cavities or areas that can provide a site for bacterial growth. For additional protection, the housings are machined with a groove to accept a snap-on polymer end cover to cover exposed, rotating shafts and create safer working conditions.

These covers incorporate a drain hole to prevent moisture build-up. Dodge Ultra Kleen bearings are offered in a variety of stainless-steel and polymer housings. The range is available in a range of imperial and metric sizes, from 20mm to 50mm.

EMKA Launches 3000 Program 19in RMU

EMKA has announced that the Can-Bus Elm cabinet locking and monitoring system has been made even simpler with its 3000 Program 19in RMU. The company said this takes advantage of the Elm system modularity to provide a complete cabinet solution in a compact 1U housing for quick and easy installation. Featuring a fully factory configured system, the 3000 Program 19in RMU comes with a communication module, control module for eight cabinet handles, a sensor module (for temperature or vibration monitoring, for example) and unit power supply ready to fit in plug-and-play mode.

The standard Elm 1U rack module is quickly installed and connected to the sensors, cabinet handles and to other cabinets, speeding up the process of enhancing cabinet security. The Program 3000 Elm system is designed to meet the needs of modern security systems both in terms of personnel access, control/logging procedures and to handle increasing needs for internal cabinet environmental monitoring/control. It is based on Can-Bus technology and the EMKA Swinghandle program.

The Elm modular network system can be used for monitoring, controlling and reporting of all relevant cabinet events on the network. The system can be used as a simple monitoring system (for example, individual access, temperature, humidity, smoke) and extended up to a complex system, including message sending and activation of control functions suitable for on-line server cabinets or to provide server room security.

Within its own function every module is reprogrammable. The exchange of sensitive data is made via an encrypted code. The Elm system consists of different functional units connected via bus only. Up to 64 modules can be connected to the bus within a maximum 1000m length. The modules can have the same or different functions. A record of the last data status during a power shutdown is made inside the module and it is possible to make a software update or to programme the modules via the bus.

Schmitt Launches Balancing And AE Controller

Schmitt Europe is to launch the SB-5500 balancing and acoustic emission (AE) controller at Grindtec 2010 in Augsburg, Germany, on 17-20 March. The SB-5500 will be shown by the company's south German agent, IS Zubehor. It is the latest addition to the SBS line of dynamic grinding wheel balancing and AE monitoring products. The use of balancing and acoustic emission technologies is critical for machine tool manufacturers and end users who need to reduce costs by increasing throughput and improving product quality by optimising the grinding process.

The SB-5500 is an advanced balancer control platform appropriate for all grinding machines. It features a larger, high-resolution display, digital electronic design, enhanced communications options, four-channel capability and 24VDC or universal input AC power supply. Options also include basic AE analysis for gap and crash detection and enhanced acoustic emission analysis capability. This features frequency signature analysis and full integration of frequency data into any CNC program. The SB-5500 is a modular controller that can be supplied with one-to-four plug-in electronic cards, allowing multiple machines or devices to be monitored and controlled.

These plug-in electronic cards include: the SB-5512 internal or external balancers with cable connection; the SB-5518 Hydrokompenser fluid chamber balancers; the SB-5522 AE monitoring system (AEMS) gap-crash for grinding and dressing monitoring; the SB-5532 internal or external balancer with 'no cable' connection (non-contact balancers); and the SB-5543 manual balancer, allowing operators to position a mass on the flange to balance the grinding wheel.

The SB-5500 is compatible with all existing SBS balancers, AE sensors and cables, and features a colour TFT LCD display that can be fitted either as an attached display on the SB-5500 controller, a remote display panel for facial mounting, or as a virtual display to run on grinder CNC/PLC screens.

Other features of the SB-5500 include enhanced communication to grinding machine controls with the addition of Profibus, Ethernet and hardwire interfaces, an improved temperature operating range and DC power supply option (21-28VDV). In addition, a Chinese language feature is offered, complementing the existing English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Polish and Russian language user interfaces.

Fixed-Frequency Synthesiser Operates At 1,609MHz

Z-Communications has introduced an RoHS-compliant fixed-frequency synthesiser model in L band. The SFS1609A-LF is a single-frequency synthesiser that operates at 1,609MHz. This synthesiser features a typical phase noise of -95dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset and typical sideband spurs of -70dBc. The SFS1609A-LF is designed to deliver a typical output power of 6dBm with a VCO voltage supply of 5VDC while drawing 35mA (typical) and a phase-locked-loop voltage of 3VDC and drawing 9mA (typical) over the temperature range of -40C to +8C.

The fixed-frequency synthesiser features typical second harmonic suppression of -15dBc and comes in the company's industry-standard PLL-V12N package measuring 0.60in x 0.60in x 0.13in (1.5 x 1.5 x 0.3cm). It is available in tape and reel packaging for production requirements. The SFS1609A-LF is also suitable for automated surface-mount assembly and reflow. It is said to be ideal for satellite communication and microwave radio applications that require low-phase-noise performance.

Infinity P4-A Panel PC Works In Harsh Environments

DSM Computer has unveiled an additional Infinity P4-A panel PC, which, thanks to its IP65 front, is suitable for use in harsh environments. The modular and fan-free construction of the Infinity P4-A permits a range of possible applications and offers an expandable and cost-saving alternative to traditional panel-PC systems. The Vesa assembly arm allows the P4-A standalone system to be integrated quickly and easily, according to the company.

The arm makes the system particularly suitable for building automation applications, for visualisation tasks with point-of-interest/point-of-sale applications, for machine and plant control and for logistics and transport management. The development of the P4-A system involved particular attention to low heat loss. This is achieved through the use of the Intel Atom N270 processor with the Intel 82945GSE chipset and the ICH7M Southbridge. The processor is clocked with 1.6GHz.

The thermal design power (TDP) of the Intel Atom N270 consumes just 2.5W and less than 50 per cent of expensive ultra-low-voltage (ULV) processors. The integrated 1Gb main memory can be expanded to a maximum of 2Gb. To further reduce power consumption, the 38cm (15in) Infinity P4-A panel system uses a light-emitting-diode (LED) backlight. This allows the display computer with specified 250cd/m to consume up to 20 per cent less power compared with traditional computers. Thanks to the CCFL backlight, the service life at low temperatures is higher than for normal CCFL display solutions.

The panel computer also has an energy-efficient power supply. A 115-230VAC power pack is integrated in the system with a 24VDC power supply available as an option for the user. The Infinity P4-A provides an internal mini-PCI Express slot and a maximum of two PCI slots for various plug-in cards. Interfaces such as eight USB 2.0 (two of which are on the front panel), two local-area networks (LANs) and one audio are accessible from the rear of the computer. The input and control of the panel PC is made using the ELO touch function.

The system already contains a 2.5in (6.4cm) hard disk for data storage. An optional solid-state drive and a Compact Flash slot can be installed. The system is designed for operation in the 0-45C temperature range (+50C with fan). DSM ensures the long-term availability of the panel system for four years. The computer is subjected to a burn-in test for at least 48 hours and is delivered with a two-year guarantee.

Optoisolator Delivers Up To 16kV Isolation At 2Mbd

Optek's new OPI1268 16kV high-voltage optical isolator, available via Pacer, delivers AC and DC voltage isolation up to 16kV while achieving digital data transmission rates of 2MBd. The OPI1268 UL-recognised high-voltage optoisolator is designed for power isolation in high-voltage PC board circuits in industrial electronics systems, medical electronic equipment and office machines.

The output IC detects the incoming optical signal and converts it to a proportionate current, which is fed through a high-gain linear amplifier and compensated for temperature, current and voltage, resulting in a stable digital output with an open collector inverter configuration. The OPI1268 optoisolator combines a high-efficiency gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) light-emitting diode (LED) with a peak wavelength of 850nm, optically coupled to a Photologic photodiode in the output IC.

Forward current (IF) is 10mA typical/50mA maximum, with typical propagation delays (tPHL-tPLH) less than or equal to 500ns. The creepage distance/air path is 0.970in (24.64mm) and the devices are UL recognised under file E58730. Packaged in an opaque high-dielectric plastic housing, the OPI1268 device measures 27.94 x 6.35 x 8.89mm and has a five-lead configuration (cathode, anode, Vcc, output and ground). The operating temperature range is from -40C to +100C. Data and samples are available now from Pacer.

PS900 Soldering System Reduces Micro Cracking

OK International has launched a soldering system for PV tabbing and bussing applications that reduces micro cracking. The PS900 with specially designed hoof-tip geometry optimises the power delivered to the solder joint, while its temperature-sensitive heater ensures low-temperature soldering, thus minimising thermally induced stresses on cell surfaces. The system incorporates the company's patented Smartheat technology, which will produce and maintain a specific, self-regulated temperature with a heater that does not require calibration and that responds directly to thermal loads.

There are two suitable solder alloys utilised for solar-cell soldering applications: the Sn96Ag4 with a melting point of +221C or the bismuth-containing Bi58Sn42 with a melting point of +138C. Proper soldering will result in an intermetallic layer that is 1-2um, which demands precise time and temperature control during the solder-joint formation. Hoa Nguyen, vice-president of technology, said: 'The ability to solder at low, controlled temperatures within a short time window reduces the stresses on the cells and the likelihood of micro cracking.

'Connection temperatures must be maintained below 300C. 'This new system employs Smartheat technology to produce thermally controlled, high-quality solder joints,' added Nguyen. The micro cracking of delicate solar-cell substrates is a common defect that can occur during PV tabbing and bussing soldering processes. Reducing the soldering temperature to a minimum prevents the cells being subjected to mechanical or thermal stresses. During the soldering operation, the differential thermal expansion of the copper and the silicon elements can occur at temperatures greater than +300C.

This differential can result in the formation of micro cracks that may not be detected during the manufacturing process and result in a reduced field lifespan. The OK Smartheat PS-900 soldering system with a specially designed STV-DRH40 hoof-tip geometry optimises the power delivered to the solder joint, thus providing high-performance efficiency with increased tip life, according to the company. The temperature-sensitive 'T' heater series ensures low-temperature soldering and thus minimises thermally induced stresses on the surface of the solar cells.

CIL Produces Infrared Light Source For Mindstorm

Custom Interconnect (CIL) has produced a bespoke, high-power, uniform, infrared (IR) light source for Mindstorm Technologies. CIL's light-emitting-diode (LED) solution is said to provide advantages over previous light sources used in the system. Mindstorm approached CIL for assistance to design and build high-power, IR illumination products for its new range of interactive, multi-touch display systems.

CIL produced a series of theoretical models and simulations that eliminated the limitations and compromises of previous designs and, following a full technical review and assessment, prototypes were delivered within a few days. In parallel with finalising the electronics design, CIL also worked on the product-packaging, installation and commissioning aspects of the project, producing a fully engineered product in less than eight weeks. A full production programme is now under way at CIL's facilities.